Diabetes mellitus in animals
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in animals that is characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism, a reduced ability of the body to absorb glucose due to a lack of insulin and the release of more urine. In dogs, pathology can develop as a complication of pancreatitis, injury, or neoplasm in the pancreas. The disease also often occurs after treatment with corticosteroid hormones, taking progestogens, plague or infectious hepatitis. Some dog breeds have a genetic predisposition to diabetes, for example, wolf-spitz, poodles, dachshunds, etc. In cats, in addition to genetic factors, conditions of detention play a special role in the occurrence of the disease. For example, excess weight, lack of physical activity, and chronic diseases increase the risk of diabetes. The clinical picture of the first stages of the disease have no pronounced symptoms. For this reason, it is difficult to determine the duration of the latent current. The most common signs are: rapid pet fatigue, depression, unwillingness to go out for a walk and exercise, increased thirst, large urine output, weight loss.
If these symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo an examination at a veterinary clinic. The physical signs of diabetes in animals include dullness of the coat, local alopecia and pyoderma. Sometimes there is partial vision loss and muscle hypotrophy. Diagnosis is made by a veterinarian based on clinical manifestations and laboratory test results. One of the most effective diagnostic methods is a glucogon test. The pet is injected with the drug 4 times, measuring the insulin content after each injection. This method provides a clear picture of the secretory potential of β cells in the islets of Langerhans. If there is a special laboratory, the veterinarian can prescribe a study for glucosylated hemoglobin. This indicator does not depend on the condition of the animal, its stress level and the method of feeding, therefore, an increase in the value to 5.7 ± 1.7% indicates the presence of diabetes. Treatment of diabetes in animals Therapy should help reduce the blood glucose level in the pet and stabilize the indicators so that they do not exceed 8-10 mmol / L. Next, you should cure the underlying disease, which became the catalyst for the appearance of diabetes. The treatment course includes insulin therapy, the creation of a balanced feeding diet, and the determination of the norm of physical activity for a pet.
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